The media do not act as transmitters of information, but as places for chatter, including many so-called alternative media, which are beginning to function in a manner identical to the mass media: like the sidewalk across the street, in short, from the official media.

Following our report on "The Dictatorship on the Move!", in the latest issue of "Elements", we interviewed Ariane Bilheran at length, who has just published a very rich Psychopathologie du totalitarisme published by Guy Trédaniel. A graduate of the École Normale Supérieure, philosopher, clinical psychologist, doctor in psychopathology, and collaborator of "Antipresse" by our friend and collaborator Slobodan Despot, no one was better placed than Ariane Bilheran to analyze the

In an age of ubiquitous advertising, Klemperer's reflection remains acutely relevant. Better than anyone else, he understood the power of enchantment and self-alienation conveyed by the words of language.

The author of The Language of the Third Reich was a firsthand witness to the German totalitarian drift. Here we continue reading his diary, rich in poignant descriptions.

Victor Klemperer's study of the rhetoric of Nazism is a text of universal scope that allows us to understand the inner logic of all totalitarian phenomena. Ariane Bilheran undertakes here a detailed portrait of this great witness of the 20th century.

Is it still possible to educate children? We increasingly doubt it—and we also sense that this is an unprecedented catastrophe. Ariane Bilheran returns here to what constitutes the pillars of education, in other words, the fundamental criteria of a civilized society.

All totalitarian islets create their own "newspeak", for example within companies that operate by terrorizing, harassing and persecuting their employees. All totalitarianism lives off the conquest of "ideological pretension" (Hannah Arendt) and the "rectification of thought" (Mao). To overcome these ideological levels, which are increasingly moving away from the search for truth and knowledge, and to persecute opponents, the instrumentalization of language is necessary.

No great crime, no human tragedy has remained without witnesses. It is as if destiny, or the collective unconscious, assigns this role to certain privileged individuals, and grants them providential protection to accomplish their mission. This is true as much for the "great History" as for the intimate dramas of families and communities.