Who is Sébastien Castellion? He is a great humanist who leads a poor existence, free from any material ties. He lives from his translations and the lessons he gives. His conscience revolts before the burning of Michel Servetus: he cannot remain silent and accuses Calvin. He then chooses the heroic life, without support, without a party, without a protector, without friends to support him openly. Castellion knows that such an attack condemns him, a helpless and isolated indivi

The media do not act as transmitters of information, but as places for chatter, including many so-called alternative media, which are beginning to function in a manner identical to the mass media: like the sidewalk across the street, in short, from the official media.

Marie Antoinette is both the most famous and the most misunderstood queen in the history of France. Born on November 2, 1755, in Vienna, Austria, she died by guillotine on October 16, 1793, in the Place de la Révolution in Paris (now Place de la Concorde). She reigned over France and Navarre from 1774 to 1791 and was Queen of the French from 1791 to 1792, the last queen of the Ancien Régime, Archduchess of Austria, Imperial Princess and Royal Princess of Hungary and Bohemia,

Reading note on Psychopathologie du totalitarisme, Psychopathology of totalitarianism in the journal Éléments by Rémi Soulié. If Plato and Aristotle, according to Pascal, "wrote about politics, it was as if to regulate a madhouse". Pascal did not believe he was right, for want of having known totalitarianism, whose canonical distinction with so-called liberal and representative democracy seems increasingly difficult to maintain for Ariane Bilheran...

The mark of genius is to enlighten us, even post-mortem, when times become confusing and dark. However, the most powerful stars are not always easily recognizable at first glance. We must learn to put on the right glasses to distinguish their enlightenment. Immense French author of the first half of the twentieth century, normalien, great traveler, pianist, poet, playwright, thinker, philosopher, André Suarès, through his commitments against totalitarian ugliness and in favor

Accompanied by a quote from the writer Stefan Zweig, I want to pay tribute to all the professionals and staff (caregivers, firefighters, doctors, administrative staff, etc.) who, through their heroic refusal of blackmail and the division of the social body (which is attributed to them by a perverse reversal of guilt), have suffered reprisals from the authorities.

Before 1914 the earth belonged to all its inhabitants. Anyone went wherever he wanted and stayed as long as he wanted. There were no permissions, no authorizations, and it always amuses me to see the astonishment of young people when I tell them that before 1914 I traveled to India and America without a passport and never even saw one.